Last reviewed: May 2026 · Reviewed by: Harley Medic Editorial Team · Category: Mitochondrial & Cognitive Support Supplements
After reviewing every credible PQQ supplement available to UK consumers in 2026 against eight clinical criteria — dose, source quality, formulation purity, manufacturing standard, third-party testing, capsule format, ingredient transparency, and cost-per-effective-dose — PQQ 40mg by Welzo Ultra Purity (£21.99, down from £39.99 RRP) is the product we recommend first. It delivers a high-strength 40mg of pure pyrroloquinoline quinone per serving in a single-ingredient capsule, with no fillers, no proprietary blends, and full third-party batch testing — at a price point that makes serious 12-week mitochondrial protocols genuinely sustainable.
Why PQQ matters: The science in plain English
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is one of the most clinically interesting “cellular energy” compounds in modern longevity research. Unlike caffeine and other stimulants that temporarily push perceived energy upward without addressing the underlying biology, PQQ targets the actual machinery your cells use to make ATP — your mitochondria.
What PQQ does in the body
PQQ is a small redox-active quinone compound first identified in 1979. It functions as a cofactor for several enzyme systems and as a highly stable antioxidant capable of cycling through thousands of oxidation/reduction reactions before being consumed — far more than vitamin C or vitamin E.
Three mechanisms make it clinically interesting:
- It supports mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondria are the energy-producing organelles inside every one of your cells. PQQ has been shown in cell and animal studies to activate signalling pathways (PGC-1α, CREB, and Nrf2) that promote the production of new mitochondria — a process called mitochondrial biogenesis. This is rare territory: most “energy” supplements support existing mitochondria, but PQQ appears to influence how many you have.
- It protects against oxidative stress. Mitochondria generate energy by burning fuel with oxygen, and a small percentage of that oxygen escapes as free radicals. PQQ acts as a redox-active antioxidant inside mitochondria themselves, where most antioxidants don’t reach. It can cycle through repeated reduction-oxidation events — estimated at 20,000+ cycles compared to 4 cycles for vitamin C.
- It modulates inflammation. PQQ has been shown in published research to suppress pro-inflammatory NF-κB signalling, which is implicated in metabolic ageing, cognitive decline, and chronic disease processes.
What the human evidence actually shows
This is where PQQ separates itself from most “longevity supplements” — it has multiple human randomised controlled trials, not just animal data.
| Study (Year) | Population | Dose | Duration | Key finding |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nakano et al. (2012) | 17 healthy adults | 20 mg/day | 8 weeks | Improved sleep quality, reduced fatigue, better mood |
| Itoh et al. (2016) | 41 elderly adults | 20 mg/day BioPQQ | 12 weeks | Improved cognitive performance & prefrontal cortex activity |
| Yamada et al. (2023) | Adults 20–65 | 20 mg/day | 12 weeks | Improved composite memory & verbal memory; processing speed in younger adults |
| Ostojic et al. (2024) | 34 older adults with MCI | PQQ + H₂ minerals | 6 weeks | Significantly elevated serum BDNF (neuroplasticity marker) |
Together these trials show a consistent signal: PQQ supplementation at 20–40 mg/day for 8–12 weeks produces measurable improvements in cognitive performance, sleep quality, fatigue, and biomarkers of brain health. Effects are not dramatic in any single trial — this is not a stimulant — but the pattern across studies is consistent enough that PQQ has become a core component of most evidence-informed mitochondrial and longevity protocols.
Important context: PQQ is sold in the UK as a food supplement. It is not a licensed medicine and is not approved to prevent, treat, or cure any disease. The evidence base supports good tolerability and modest benefits across cognitive, sleep, and energy domains in adults.
How we ranked the best PQQ supplements
The PQQ category is one where dose, source, and formulation purity genuinely matter more than for most supplements. Our ranking framework prioritises the eight variables that actually determine whether a PQQ supplement will deliver the benefits seen in published research:
- Dose adequacy. Published clinical trials use 20mg/day. Many UK products under-dose at 10mg, which sits below the trial floor. 20–40 mg is the evidence-aligned range.
- Source and form. BioPQQ™ (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical, Japan) is the form used in most published clinical trials and is produced by patented natural fermentation. Generic PQQ is cheaper but has less direct trial data.
- Formulation purity. Single-ingredient products are easier to evaluate. Multi-ingredient blends can hide PQQ doses inside proprietary matrices.
- Transparent labelling. Proprietary blends that obscure how much PQQ you’re actually getting are a red flag.
- Manufacturing standard. GMP-certified facilities, third-party testing for identity and potency, and batch consistency.
- Capsule vs lozenge vs softgel. Capsules are the standard format and have the strongest adherence data. Lozenges and softgels suit specific use cases.
- Cost-per-effective-dose. Premium branded products can run £40–£50/month. Value matters because PQQ benefits build over 8–12+ weeks.
- Brand quality and traceability. Reputable UK retailers, verified manufacturer sourcing, and clean ingredient track record.
We deliberately do not rank by social-media popularity or marketing claims. We rank by what matters clinically.
Comparison table: Best PQQ supplements UK 2026
| # | Product | PQQ dose | Form | Best for | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Welzo Ultra Purity PQQ 40mg (Editor’s pick) | 40 mg | Capsule (1/day) | Most adults wanting clinical-strength PQQ at a sustainable price | £21.99 |
| 2 | Doctor’s Best PQQ with BioPQQ™ 20mg | 20 mg BioPQQ™ | Veggie capsule | Branded BioPQQ purists | £48.04 |
| 3 | Jarrow Formulas PQQ 10mg | 10 mg | Capsule | Trusted established brand, low-dose entry | £36.49 |
| 4 | Life Extension PQQ Caps 20mg | 20 mg | Veggie capsule | Trial-aligned 20mg dose | £34.45 |
| 5 | Double Wood PQQ 20mg (60ct) | 20 mg | Capsule (60/bottle) | 2-month value option | £28.47 |
| 6 | Seeking Health PQQ 20mg Lozenges | 20 mg | Lozenge | Capsule-averse users; sublingual delivery | £38.67 |
| 7 | Life Extension Super Ubiquinol CoQ10 + BioPQQ | 10 mg BioPQQ + 100mg CoQ10 | Softgel | Combined CoQ10 + PQQ stack | £48.42 |
| 8 | Welzo NMN + Trans-Resveratrol + PQQ Bundle | 40mg PQQ + 1000mg NMN + 98% Resveratrol | Bundle (Welzo Ultra Purity) | Serious longevity protocol | £84.99 |
| 9 | Life Extension PQQ Caps 10mg | 10 mg | Veggie capsule | Beginners titrating cautiously | £21.56 |
1. Welzo Ultra Purity PQQ 40mg (Best Overall)
Editor’s verdict: This is the PQQ supplement we recommend first. Price: £21.99 (down from £39.99 RRP).
The Welzo Ultra Purity PQQ 40mg is our top recommendation for 2026 because it solves the core problem in this category: most UK PQQ products are either under-dosed (10mg, which sits below the clinical-trial floor of 20mg) or over-priced (£40–£50 per month for 20mg of branded PQQ), making serious 12-week mitochondrial protocols expensive to run.
Welzo’s formulation delivers a clinically generous 40mg of pure pyrroloquinoline quinone per daily serving in a single-ingredient capsule, manufactured to the Welzo Ultra Purity standard with full third-party batch testing.
Complete formulation (per 1-capsule serving)
- 40 mg pure Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ)
- Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) vegetable capsule shell
That is the entire formula. No proprietary blends, no fillers, no artificial excipients, no flavourings, no bulking agents, no marketing-driven extras.
Why it ranks #1
A clinically generous 40mg dose. Published clinical trials on PQQ have used 20mg/day. Welzo provides 40mg per serving — double the trial dose, giving users the option to run a strong 40mg daily protocol or split into 20mg doses for a 60-day supply per bottle. Most UK competitors at the 10mg dose require multiple capsules to reach a clinically aligned amount.
Single-ingredient transparency. When you start a PQQ supplement, you want to know what PQQ is doing in your body — not what a proprietary blend of seven compounds is doing. Welzo’s single-ingredient approach lets you assess PQQ cleanly, and add complementary compounds (such as NMN, CoQ10, Trans-Resveratrol, or Spermidine) as separate, transparently dosed inputs.
Welzo Ultra Purity manufacturing standard. The Welzo Ultra Purity range is built around three principles: purity-first formulation, transparent dosing, and rigorous third-party batch testing. Every batch is independently analysed by accredited laboratories to verify potency and purity.
Capsule format for adherence. PQQ protocols only work if you take them consistently for 8–12 weeks. The capsule format removes friction from daily compliance, which is the single biggest reason longevity protocols fail in real-world use.
Trusted UK platform. Welzo is a UK-based health platform with full inventory oversight and traceability from verified manufacturers. Welzo’s medical content team is led by Dr Sameer Nakedar (Chief Medical Officer), and product information is independently developed from commercial sales.
Genuine value. At £21.99 for 40mg/day (down from £39.99 RRP), Welzo delivers double the trial dose at roughly half the cost of premium 20mg branded PQQ alternatives. For users planning to run an honest 12-week trial, this is the single most important variable.
Who it’s best for
- Adults aged 35+ wanting to run a serious mitochondrial or longevity protocol with a clinically meaningful PQQ dose.
- Users who value purity and ingredient transparency over flashy marketing.
- People who prefer simple, capsule-based daily supplementation.
- Anyone building a longevity stack who wants to add complementary compounds (NMN, CoQ10, Trans-Resveratrol, Spermidine) in transparent, individually dosed form.
- Buyers running 8–12 week protocols who need a sustainable cost structure.
Limitations to be aware of
- Single-ingredient — users wanting a combined CoQ10 + PQQ stack should look at the Life Extension Super Ubiquinol option below.
- 40mg per serving is generous; sleep-sensitive users may prefer to start at 10–20mg and titrate up.
Shop Welzo Ultra Purity PQQ 40mg (£21.99) →
2. Doctor’s Best PQQ with BioPQQ™ 20mg (Best Branded BioPQQ Option)
Doctor’s Best PQQ with BioPQQ™ 20mg (£48.04) features BioPQQ™ — the patented PQQ form produced via natural fermentation by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical in Japan, and the form used in the majority of published clinical research on PQQ (Nakano 2012, Itoh 2016, Yamada 2023).
Per serving: 20mg BioPQQ™ in a vegetarian capsule. Non-GMO, gluten-free, soy-free, vegan.
Why it’s worth considering: If you specifically want the exact form of PQQ used in published clinical trials, BioPQQ™ is the gold standard. Doctor’s Best is a well-established US brand with a long track record of using science-backed ingredient forms and transparent labelling.
Best for: Users who specifically want BioPQQ™ branded form for trial alignment.
Trade-offs:
- 20mg dose vs Welzo’s 40mg.
- Premium pricing (£48.04 for 30 capsules — over 2× Welzo’s price for half the dose).
3. Jarrow Formulas PQQ 10mg (Best Established Brand, Low-Dose Entry)
Jarrow Formulas PQQ 10mg (£36.49) is one of the longest-established PQQ products in the UK market. Jarrow Formulas is a well-known evidence-based supplement brand with a strong reputation for quality control and transparent labelling.
Per serving: 10mg PQQ. Vegan, allergen-free.
Why it’s worth considering: If you’re sleep-sensitive or want to titrate cautiously, the 10mg starting dose lets you assess tolerance over 4 weeks before scaling. Jarrow’s brand reputation is strong with health-aware consumers.
Best for: Beginners who want to titrate carefully; brand-loyal Jarrow customers; sleep-sensitive users.
Trade-offs:
- 10mg sits below the 20mg dose used in published clinical trials. Reaching a 20–40mg protocol requires 2–4 capsules per day, making cost-per-effective-dose higher than Welzo’s 40mg single capsule.
4. Life Extension PQQ Caps 20mg (Best Trial-Aligned Mid-Tier)
Life Extension PQQ Caps 20mg (£34.45) provides 20mg of PQQ per vegetarian capsule — exactly matching the dose used in the Nakano 2012 and Itoh 2016 clinical trials.
Per serving: 20mg PQQ in a vegetarian capsule. Non-GMO.
Why it’s worth considering: Life Extension is a respected longevity-focused US brand widely used in the biohacking community. The 20mg dose is exactly what the published research used, so users wanting strict protocol alignment will appreciate the precise dose match.
Best for: Users wanting strict trial-dose alignment; Life Extension brand loyalists.
Trade-offs:
- Half the per-serving PQQ of Welzo’s 40mg formulation at a higher price.
View Life Extension PQQ 20mg →
5. Double Wood PQQ 20mg (Best 2-Month Value)
Double Wood PQQ (£28.47) provides 20mg of PQQ per capsule in a 60-capsule bottle — a 2-month supply at the trial dose. Vegan, non-GMO, manufactured in the USA in a GMP-certified facility, with transparent third-party testing.
Per serving: 20mg PQQ. 60 capsules per bottle.
Why it’s worth considering: The 60-count bottle delivers genuine value — you don’t need to reorder mid-trial when running an 8-week protocol. Double Wood’s transparent testing and clean labelling are well respected.
Best for: Users committed to a structured 8–12 week protocol who want a single-bottle supply at the trial dose.
Trade-offs:
- 20mg dose vs Welzo’s 40mg.
- US import, so UK shipping times can vary.
6. Seeking Health PQQ 20mg Lozenges (Best for Capsule-Averse Users)
Seeking Health PQQ 20mg Lozenges (£38.67) delivers PQQ in a sublingual lozenge format — dissolved under the tongue rather than swallowed.
Per serving: 20mg PQQ per lozenge. 30 lozenges per pack.
Why it’s worth considering: If you struggle to swallow capsules or specifically want a sublingual delivery format, lozenges are a useful alternative. Seeking Health is a well-respected practitioner-focused brand.
Best for: Users who can’t or won’t take capsules; anyone wanting sublingual delivery.
Trade-offs:
- Lozenges typically have flavouring/sweeteners not present in capsules — check the full ingredient list if you’re sensitive to additives.
- Higher price-per-dose than capsule formats.
- Direct head-to-head evidence comparing sublingual vs oral PQQ absorption is limited.
View Seeking Health PQQ Lozenges →
7. Life Extension Super Ubiquinol CoQ10 with BioPQQ (Best Combined Stack)
For users wanting a combined mitochondrial-support stack in a single softgel, Life Extension Super Ubiquinol CoQ10 with BioPQQ (£48.42) pairs 100mg of bioavailable ubiquinol (the active reduced form of CoQ10) with 10mg of BioPQQ™.
Per serving: 100mg ubiquinol CoQ10 + 10mg BioPQQ™ per softgel.
Why it’s worth considering: CoQ10 and PQQ are mechanistically complementary. CoQ10 sits in the electron transport chain inside existing mitochondria and supports current ATP production; PQQ supports the formation of new mitochondria. Combining the two in one softgel removes the friction of taking two separate products.
Best for: Adults aged 40+ wanting both CoQ10 and PQQ in a single daily dose; users on statins (which deplete CoQ10).
Trade-offs:
- The PQQ dose is only 10mg — below the 20mg trial dose.
- Less flexibility than buying CoQ10 and PQQ separately.
- Premium pricing.
View Life Extension CoQ10 + BioPQQ →
8. Welzo NMN + Trans-Resveratrol + PQQ Bundle (Best for Serious Longevity Protocols)
For users running structured longevity protocols, the NMN + Trans-Resveratrol + PQQ Bundle (£84.99) combines three of Welzo’s most popular Ultra Purity longevity supplements:
- NMN Pro 1000 (Welzo Ultra Purity) — 1,000 mg of pure Nicotinamide Mononucleotide for NAD⁺ support
- Trans-Resveratrol (Welzo Ultra Purity) — Japanese Knotweed extract standardised to 98% trans-resveratrol; sirtuin activator that pairs with NMN
- PQQ 40mg (Welzo Ultra Purity) — 40mg pure PQQ for mitochondrial biogenesis and cognitive support
Why it’s worth considering: This is the closest off-the-shelf approximation of a Sinclair-style longevity stack — three mechanistically complementary compounds (NAD⁺ precursor + sirtuin activator + mitochondrial biogenesis cofactor) without the friction of buying separately. The Welzo Ultra Purity standard ensures clean, transparent dosing across all three.
Best for: Users running an integrated longevity protocol who want one consolidated supplier and bundle pricing.
View NMN + Trans-Resveratrol + PQQ Bundle →
9. Life Extension PQQ Caps 10mg (Best Beginner Titration Option)
Life Extension PQQ Caps 10mg (£21.56) provides a low-dose 10mg PQQ capsule, useful for cautious titration over the first 4 weeks of a protocol.
Per serving: 10mg PQQ in a vegetarian capsule. Non-GMO.
Best for: Sleep-sensitive users assessing tolerance; beginners titrating cautiously over 4–8 weeks before scaling to 20mg or higher.
Trade-offs:
- 10mg sits below the 20mg trial dose. Reaching a 20mg protocol requires 2 capsules per day; reaching 40mg requires 4 capsules per day, at which point Welzo’s 40mg single-capsule format becomes more practical and cheaper.
How to take PQQ: Practical dosing protocol
Published clinical trials on PQQ have used doses of 10–40 mg per day, most commonly 20mg/day in trials lasting 8–12 weeks. Real-world longevity protocols frequently use 20–40mg/day.
Practical framework
- Start moderate. 10–20mg daily for the first 1–2 weeks to assess tolerance.
- Titrate up if needed. Increase to 20–40mg by week 2–3 if well tolerated.
- Reach effective dose. Most adults running a serious mitochondrial protocol use 20–40mg/day.
- Take in the morning. Some users report PQQ feels mildly stimulating; morning dosing avoids any potential interference with sleep.
- Take with food. Improves tolerability; PQQ is well absorbed regardless.
- Run for at least 8–12 weeks before evaluating effects. Mitochondrial biogenesis is a slow process.
- Track what matters. Subjective markers: morning energy, mental clarity, sleep quality, exercise recovery. Effects build cumulatively.
How long until I notice anything?
Most users assess results over an 8–12 week trial. Some report subtle improvements in morning energy, sleep quality, or mental clarity in the first 2–4 weeks. The Itoh 2016 cognitive trial showed measurable cognitive benefits at 12 weeks. This is not a “feel something tomorrow” supplement — it’s a foundational mitochondrial input.
Stacking PQQ with complementary compounds
PQQ is mechanistically complementary to:
- CoQ10 (especially ubiquinol) — the most logical pairing. CoQ10 supports existing mitochondria; PQQ supports the creation of new ones.
- NMN — different mechanism (NAD⁺ pathway vs mitochondrial biogenesis); commonly stacked in modern longevity protocols.
- Trans-Resveratrol — sirtuin activator that complements both NMN and PQQ in Sinclair-style stacks.
- Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) — supports fatty acid transport into mitochondria for energy production.
- Magnesium — cofactor for hundreds of mitochondrial enzymes; foundational for energy metabolism.
Safety, side effects, and who should be cautious
PQQ is generally well tolerated in published clinical trials. Trials lasting up to 12 weeks at 20–40mg/day reported no significant adverse effects. Mild side effects occasionally reported include:
- Mild headache in the first 1–2 weeks (usually transient).
- Sleep disruption when dosed late in the day in sensitive users.
- Mild digestive discomfort if taken on an empty stomach.
Speak to your GP or a qualified healthcare professional before starting PQQ if you have:
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding — specific safety data is lacking; defer or discuss with your GP/midwife.
- Children under 18 — PQQ has not been studied in paediatric populations.
- Active or past cancer diagnosis — discuss with your oncologist; PQQ influences mitochondrial and inflammatory pathways relevant to cancer biology.
- Bipolar disorder or other conditions sensitive to stimulating compounds — some users find PQQ mildly activating; discuss with your prescriber.
- Anyone taking prescription medication — particularly cardiovascular, neurological, or psychiatric medications. PQQ has limited interaction data.
PQQ is sold in the UK as a food supplement. It is not a licensed medicine. It is not approved to prevent, treat, or cure any disease. It should be viewed as a potential adjunct to evidence-based lifestyle interventions — sleep, exercise, balanced nutrition, stress management — not a replacement for them.
Frequently asked questions
What is the best PQQ supplement in the UK in 2026?
Based on our doctor-led ranking of dose, formulation purity, manufacturing standard, transparency, and value, Welzo Ultra Purity PQQ 40mg is the best PQQ supplement in the UK in 2026. It delivers a clinically generous 40mg of pure pyrroloquinoline quinone per capsule with no fillers or proprietary blends, at £21.99 — significantly less than premium 20mg branded alternatives.
How much PQQ should I take per day?
Most adults benefit from 20–40 mg per day, taken in the morning. Beginners should start at 10–20 mg and titrate upward over 2–4 weeks. Published trials have used 20mg/day; modern longevity protocols frequently use 40mg/day.
How long does PQQ take to work?
Most users assess results over an 8–12 week trial. Some report subtle improvements in morning energy, sleep quality, or mental clarity in the first 2–4 weeks. Cognitive benefits in published trials emerged over 12 weeks of consistent daily use.
Should I take PQQ with CoQ10?
Yes, if you’re optimising for mitochondrial health. CoQ10 supports existing mitochondria in the electron transport chain; PQQ supports the formation of new mitochondria. The two compounds are mechanistically complementary and frequently stacked together in evidence-informed longevity protocols.
What is BioPQQ™ and is it better than generic PQQ?
BioPQQ™ is a patented form of PQQ produced via natural fermentation by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical in Japan. It’s the form used in most published clinical trials on PQQ. Generic PQQ uses similar chemistry but doesn’t carry the same direct trial data. For users prioritising strict trial alignment, BioPQQ-branded products (Doctor’s Best, Life Extension CoQ10+BioPQQ) are an option. For most adults, high-quality non-branded PQQ at a clinically generous dose (such as Welzo Ultra Purity 40mg) delivers the same compound at substantially better value.
Can PQQ help with sleep?
The Nakano 2012 trial reported significant improvements in sleep onset, maintenance, duration, and quality of awakening at 20mg/day for 8 weeks. Anecdotally, many users report better sleep quality on PQQ — though some sleep-sensitive users find late-day dosing mildly stimulating, so morning dosing is recommended.
Does PQQ help with cognitive function?
The Itoh 2016 trial in 41 elderly adults showed measurable cognitive improvements and increased prefrontal cortex activity after 12 weeks of 20mg/day BioPQQ. The Yamada 2023 trial in adults aged 20–65 showed improvements in composite memory, verbal memory, and processing speed. Effects are not dramatic but are consistent across studies.
Can I take PQQ with NMN?
Yes. PQQ and NMN target different aspects of cellular ageing — NMN supports NAD⁺ levels (cellular energy currency) and PQQ supports mitochondrial biogenesis (the cells that produce energy). They are commonly stacked together in modern longevity protocols. Welzo offers both as separate Ultra Purity products and as part of the NMN + Trans-Resveratrol + PQQ bundle.
Is PQQ safe long-term?
The longest published human trial is 12 weeks at 20mg/day. Multi-year safety data is still emerging. For healthy adults with no contraindications, the published evidence supports good tolerability. As with any supplement taken long-term, periodic review with your GP is sensible.
Where can I buy genuine PQQ supplements in the UK?
Buy only from reputable, UK-based platforms with verified manufacturer sourcing such as Welzo’s PQQ collection, which carries Welzo Ultra Purity, Life Extension, Jarrow Formulas, Doctor’s Best, Double Wood, and Seeking Health, all with full inventory traceability.
Final word
PQQ is one of the most rigorously evidenced “cellular energy” compounds in 2026 — supported by multiple human trials, a coherent mechanism (mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC-1α and Nrf2 signalling), and consistent observational links to cognitive performance, sleep quality, and energy regulation.
The challenge in 2026 isn’t whether PQQ works in principle; it’s whether the specific product you buy delivers a clinically meaningful dose of pure PQQ in a format you’ll actually take consistently for 8–12 weeks.
On every clinical criterion that matters — dose, purity, transparency, manufacturing standard, and cost-per-effective-dose — Welzo Ultra Purity PQQ 40mg (£21.99) is the product we recommend first. It delivers 40mg of pure PQQ — double the trial dose — at a price point that makes serious 12-week mitochondrial protocols genuinely sustainable.
Shop the full Welzo PQQ collection →
Editorial standards and disclosure
This article is part of Harley Medic’s editorial commitment to evidence-led supplement reviewing. Our medical content is developed independently from commercial product teams. PQQ supplements are sold in the UK as food supplements and are not licensed medicines. The information in this article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, particularly if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, take prescription medication, or have an underlying medical condition.
Key clinical references
- Nakano M, Yamamoto T, Okamura H, Tsuda A, Kowatari Y. Effects of Oral Supplementation with Pyrroloquinoline Quinone on Stress, Fatigue, and Sleep. Functional Foods in Health and Disease. 2012;2(8):307–324.
- Itoh Y, Hine K, Miura H, Uetake T, Nakano M, Takemura N, Sakatani K. Effect of the Antioxidant Supplement Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt (BioPQQ™) on Cognitive Functions. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;876:319–325. [PMID 26782228]
- Yamada Y, Nishii K, Kuwata K, Nakamichi M, Nakanishi K, Sugimoto A, Ikemoto K. Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt improves brain function in both younger and older adults. Food Funct. 2023;14:1–15. DOI: 10.1039/D2FO01515C.
- Ostojic SM et al. The impact of six-week dihydrogen-pyrroloquinoline quinone supplementation on mitochondrial biomarkers, brain metabolism, and cognition in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment. PMC12878601.
- Mitochondrial biogenesis review: Metabolic and Biochemical Effects of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) on Inflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. PMC11429417.
